曹雪芹的画观（乱谈四）

江南水仙

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( d# z' z$ G0 D: F# @<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
. p. V/ b: Y8 {) M0 R# f<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT color=#000000>一、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">深爱“真实”风光美。《红楼梦》中写贾政挟宝玉游大观园，在稻香村一处，贾政对人工制造农庄进行赞美及归隐念头，宝玉当场毫不留情指出该假景观的不美处。但对于富含江南园林特色的亭、台、楼、阁、池、花木等，宝玉却十分喜爱，真情去题联、扁额等。这其实正是作者曹雪芹审美观，真实的景观，无论是大自然的还是合情理精美园林的，均能令他赏心悦目、会启迪他的诗情画意。</SPAN></FONT></P>
- C0 r8 N! f3 Z8 f$ L* z( I4 K<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT color=#000000>二、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“添减藏露”。《红楼梦》写到惜春作画时，曹雪芹借宝钗之口说道：“如今画这园子，非离了肚子里头有几幅丘壑的才能成画。这园子却是象画儿一般，山石树木，楼阁房屋，远近疏密，也不多，也不少，恰恰的是这样。你就照样儿往纸上一画，是必不能讨好的。这要看纸的地步远近，该多该少，分主分宾，该添的要添，该减的要减，该藏的要藏，该露的要露。”“肚子里头有几幅丘壑”是指美术作品创作应宏观上有总的把握，并能对在大自然中所观察或写生录实作品有所鉴赏、借鉴。自然主义的创作方式“必不能讨好的”，应有创造性的“添、减、藏、露”和“分主分宾”。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
- e  P% k1 s- x* @$ O<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 0cm"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT color=#000000>三、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不趋炎附势的“顽石”。曹雪芹最喜画顽石，这自然深含他对世人趋炎附势的蔑视。晚年曹雪芹家境相当贫困，“举家食粥酒常赊”就是当时生活具体的写照。曹雪芹为了生活，也经常画些画到临近街头去卖，而且报价也不高，也是自乐的一种方式。他的画在当时是很有名气的，有的高门、大宅主子也曾派奴才前来高价索画，曹雪芹却当即一概给予拒绝，在他看来，此类供画对他和他的画作是一种耻辱。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 0cm"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 0cm"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT color=#000000>四、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">关爱贫困群体的“废艺”。曹雪芹除了写《红楼梦》外，还著了一部工艺美术性质的样书《废艺斋集稿》。全书共有八卷，每卷各讲一种残疾人可用于谋生的手艺。第一卷是关于刻图章的；第二卷是讲扎、糊、绘风筝的；第三卷讲编织工艺；第四卷讲脱胎工艺；第五卷讲织补；第六卷讲印染；第七卷讲园林；第八卷讲烹调技艺。从中可以看出曹雪芹对实用工艺美术知识的渊博、及入世为人的高尚情操。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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[ 本帖最后由 江南水仙 于 2007-7-22 10:29 编辑 ]